The naturalization act of 1870 explicitly extended naturalization rights already enjoyed by white immigrants to aliens of african nativity and to persons of african descent, thus denying access to the rights and protections of citizenship to other nonwhite immigrant groups. Act of 1870 in which african americans included to citizenship. Soon after the constitution was ratified congress passed the naturalization act of 1790 1 stat. The naturalization laws were the basis for later restrictions upon immigration, including the notorious chinese exclusion act of 1882.
The naturalization act of 1870 explicitly extended naturalization rights to all aliens of african nativity and to persons of african descent while denying the right to all other groups of nonwhites, particularly asians. The first statute in the united states to codify naturalization law. Naturalization papers become standardized and contain more detail about aliens. The first step in the naturalization process for 157 years.
Naturalization act of 1870 us wikisource, the free online. Chinese workers were the targets of significant racial animus from working class whites in western. Her majestys dominions, who were, at birth, both british. The act created a system of controls for the naturalization process. The naturalization act of 1906 was an act of the united states congress signed into law by theodore roosevelt that revised the naturalization act of 1870 and required immigrants to learn english in order to become naturalized citizens. Every other racial and ethnic groups were excluded and not recognized by the us government as citizens. For carrying into complete effect the power given by the constitution, to establish an uniform rule of naturalization throughout the united states. The making of federal enforcement laws, 18701872 freedom. The naturalization act of 1870 explicitly extended naturalization rights already enjoyed by white immigrants to aliens of african nativity and to persons of african. The making of federal enforcement laws, 1870 1872 xi wang the fifteenth amendment represented the highest achievement of the republican partys reconstruction politics. It was created to deal with two immigration issues. The immigration act, also known as the hartceller act, was signed by. The 1798 act was repealed by the naturalization law of 1802. It also permitted aliens of african nativity and to persons of african descent to become naturalized citizens of the united states.
When the first chinese immigrants came to these united states, they were met by the naturalization act of 1870 which naturalized only white persons and persons of african descent and left them as asians and their brother latinos without rights or hope of change for almost eight decades coming to america p. Page 4 of 23 published for home office staff on 21 july 2017 about this document this document provides background information about the history of nationality law and can be used in conjunction with guidance to assess citizenship claims. Naturalization act of 1870 on july 14, 1870 president ulyses s. Section one determines a jail sentence of one to five years and a fine. When the first chinese immigrants came to these united states, they were met by the naturalization act of 1870 which naturalized only white persons and persons of african descent and left them as asians and their brother latinos without rights or hope of change for. As thousands of immigrants become american citizens this. Texas law requires english as the language of school instruction. The naturalization act of 1790 specified that any alien, being a free white person, could apply for citizenship, so long as he or she. Pdf a brief history of immigration policy in the united states. This act was signed into law on july 14, 1870 by president ulysses s. Kingdom and colonies under section 124 of the british nationality act 1948, or as british citizens or british overseas citizens under the british nationality act 1981. It thus excluded american indians, indentured servants, slaves, free blacks, and asians.
Pursuant to the established constitutional power, congress enacted the first uniform set of rules under the 1790 naturalization act. Mar, 2018 professor of american studies and history matthew frye jacobson talks about the nations first naturalization law 1790, which stipulated that only free white persons could be fully. The 1798 act was repealed by the naturalization law of 1802 major changes to the definition of citizenship were ratified in the nineteenth century following the american civil war. Naturalization act of 1870 us wikisource, the free online library.
The act created a system of controls for the naturalization process and penalties for fraudulent practices. Any court having common law jurisdiction could naturalize aliens. Section 4 of the naturalization act 1870 introduced a provision that persons born in. The act was repealed on 1 january 1949, but there may still be claims under it as. Naturalization act of 1870 us wikisource, the free. Evidence r to be adduced by appli cant for certificate of naturalization 35 36 to be adduced by appli cant for certificate of readmission to british nationality 30 under the naturalization act, 1870 50 expatriation unknown to english law before the natura lization act of 1870 11 french law as to 12 under the naturaliza. Grant and the 41st united states congress signed into law the naturalization act of 1870 on july 14, 1870. Alternately known as the nationality act, the naturalization act of 1790 restricted citizenship to any alien, being a free white person who had been in the u. Asian immigrants status werent solved by the naturalization. Being a collection of all of the laws of virginia, from the first session of the legislature, in the year 1619. In effect, it left out indentured servants, slaves, and most women. Overview new arrivals to britain, waiting on the dockside changes to the naturalisation laws were made in 1870. The basic naturalization act of 1906 passed june 29 and effective october 1 established the immigration and naturalization service, more precisely defined administrative procedures, and provided for federal supervision over the naturalization process. Naturalization act wikisource, the free online library.
An act to amend the naturalization laws and to punish crimes. Although it makes for boring reading, following is a copy of that transcript for your convenience. Of the seven sections of the act, much of it seemed to have very little to do with naturalization. The naturalization act of 1870 expanded the privilege to all blacks. After extending naturalization to blacks as africans in 1870, congress banned the naturalization of chinese in 1882. The act of 1790 was repealed by the naturalization act of 1795, which extended the residence requirement to five years, and by the naturalization act of 1798, which extended it to 14 years. It was repealed and replaced by the nationality act of 1940.
These required applicants to have served the crown or to. Appendix 6c history of racism and immigration time line. Residence and the intention to remain resident in the united kingdom were introduced as qualifications for naturalisation. Major united states laws relating to immigration and. An act to amend the naturalization laws and to punish crimes against the same, and for other purposes. The online tool for teaching with documents, from the national archives.
There are thought to be some who could still have a claim. The united states constitution grants congress the power to establish an uniform rule of naturalization article i, section 8, clause 4. Rather, the 1870 rule appeared to apply a color test white persons and those with african origins i. Naturalization acts of 1790 and 1795 george washingtons. Professor of american studies and history matthew frye jacobson talks about the nations first naturalization law 1790, which stipulated that only free white persons could be fully. Free white persons referred to in naturalization act, as amended by act july 14, 1870, has meaning naturally given to it when first used in 1 stat. Filing a declaration of intention was the first formal step toward naturalization for most persons seeking admission to u. The making of federal enforcement laws, 18701872 xi wang the fifteenth amendment represented the highest achievement of the republican partys reconstruction politics. It entitled an individual who was of good moral character, had lived in the united states, and was a free white person, to apply for citizenship. In order to obtain citizenship under the act, the applicant shall reside in the u. Naturalization act law and legal definition uslegal, inc. An act supplementary to an act entitled an act to authorize the extension, construction, and use of a lateral branch of the baltimore and potomac railroad into and within the district of columbia, approved february 5, 1867. Full text of the law of naturalization, as amended by the.
Naturalization act of 1870 revises the naturalization act of 1790 and the 14th amendment so that naturalization is limited to white persons and persons of african descent, effectively excluding chinese and. The doing of certain acts in connection with the naturalization of aliens. Jun 05, 2015 the following transcript of the naturalization act of 1870 can be found in library of congress records online at. It also mandated that one must absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to every foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty. In act of settlement by the naturalization act of 1870 this clause was virtually repealed for all persons who obtain a certificate of naturalization read more. However, from the time the first naturalization act was passed in 1790 until 1906, there were no uniform standards. Naturalization records, 1850 1930 video podcast transcript minnesota historical society in a nation of immigrants, becoming a citizen being naturalized has been an important part of our personal and national history.
Dec 12, 2017 rather, the 1870 rule appeared to apply a color test white persons and those with african origins i. Naturalization act of 1870 the naturalization act of 1870 16 stat. The bill was passed on june 29, 1906, and took effect september 27, 1906. For most of american history there were few barriers to becoming a resident. For most of american history there were few barriers to. This act stated that only white and black people were recognized as citizens.
Census act of 1879 march 3, 1879 download pdf 925kb pdf. Us 1992the term white persons included only persons of what is popularly known as the caucasion racewhitecaucasion alien land laws 1923 ladies. In act of settlement by the naturalization act of 1870 this clause was virtually repealed for all persons who obtain a certificate of naturalization. The act and procedure of becoming a citizen of a country is called naturalization. Naturalization act of july 14, 1870 16 statutesatlarge 254.
Naturalization laws in its session of 3 may 1779, the general assembly passed an act declaring who shall be deemed citizens of this commonwealth william w. The naturalization act of 1790 introduced race by limiting the acquisition of citizenship by naturalization to free white persons. United states congress, an act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page. As amended by the naturalization acts, 1870 see other formats. Chapter 2 nationality through naturalization act 310 naturalization authority act 311 eligibility for naturalization act 312 requirements as to understanding the english language, history, principles and form of government of the united states act 3 prohibition upon the naturalization of persons opposed to government or law, or who favor. Page grantee of a certificate of naturalization under the naturalization act, 1870, capable of sitting in 26 prussia law of, as to nationality 3 eegulations secretary of state em powered to make 33 text of those made 59 eepeal oe statutes 53 eesidence five years previous, or service of the crown, necessary for naturali. A naturalborn british subject who has become an alien in pursuance of this act, and is in this act referred to as a statutory alien, may, on performing the same conditions and adducing the same evidence as is required in the case of an alien applying for a certificate of nationality apply. Wikipedia article, wikidata item this is a disambiguation page. Naturalization act of 1870 by briana watkins on prezi.
994 177 429 741 744 93 281 417 470 909 1369 1055 1000 1250 21 1402 1294 1160 951 508 1513 625 841 1445 584 367 880 1059 1435 1432 87 89 961